Komputer for Alle 1998 #6/1998 CD 6 (Gul).iso/web/ffa/wwwenv~1.org/arrs/digest/news65~2.htm/text0047.txt

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Subject: How low will we go in fishing for dinner?
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áá
áá
áá SCIENCE NEWS ONLINE
áá
ááá February 7, 1998ááá
áá
áá by J. Raloff
áááá Though news accounts over the past decade have documented the crash
áááá of one major fishery after another, many consumers have witnessed no
áááá shortage of affordable fish. In large measure, that's because
áááá different fish are being marketed. Indeed, species once viewed as
áááá "trash" can now command $7 per pound or more.
áááá
áááá Many resource economists have interpreted this trend to mean that
áááá while the most popular fish stocks are in jeopardy, a host of
áááá attractive alternatives stands ready to fill in. A new study by
áááá fisheries scientist Daniel Pauly of the University of British
áááá Columbia in Vancouver and his colleagues now comes to a dramatically
áááá different -- and more dire -- conclusion.
áááá
áááá Those substitutes, they find, have been coming from progressively
áááá lower niches in the marine food web. With each successive drop,
áááá dramatically more fish become available.
áááá
áááá Yet despite having made these shifts, and working harder, fishing
áááá fleets have not increased their tonnage of palatable catch.
áááá Moreover, the new data suggest that the food web's structure -- the
áááá proportion of organisms at each level -- is shifting.
áááá
áááá "The ecological price we're paying for maintaining catch is getting
áááá higher and higher," Pauly says. Indeed, the findings argue that
áááá current world fishing rates are not sustainable, his team concludes
áááá in the Feb. 6 Science.
áááá
áááá Ecologists measure an organism's niche in terms of its trophic
áááá level. In the sea, the base level contains mainly seaweeds and
áááá phytoplankton. These serve as food for level two organisms, whose
áááá predators, in turn, make up level three. And so it goes up the
áááá marine food web to its apex, killer whales at trophic level five.
áááá
áááá Owing to taste preferences, humans have traditionally fished
áááá primarily from levels three and four, Pauly says. However, because
áááá such fish may derive their diet from a range of trophic levels, most
áááá commercial fish don't fall squarely into a single level. Rather,
áááá they have an intermediate designation, such as 4.6 for snapper, 3.5
áááá for cod, 3.1 for herring, and 2.5 for sardines.
áááá
áááá Pauly and his coworkers have now computed the annual average trophic
áááá level of the world's fishing catch. They did this by tracking down
áááá the trophic level of 220 fish and invertebrates and considering each
áááá species' share of the tonnage of a given year's fishing haul, as
áááá compiled by the United Nations, for 1950 through 1994. Their
áááá calculations show about a 0.1 decrease in trophic level per
áááá decade -- to a current global average of about 3.1.
áááá
áááá These data show that by overfishing the top predators, "we've
áááá eliminated the marine equivalent of lions and wolves and are moving
áááá towards the taking of rats, cockroaches, and dandelions," worries
áááá Elliott A. Norse of the Marine Conservation Biology Institute in
áááá Redmond, Wash. Moreover, he says, "by now moving to eliminate the
áááá top predators' prey and the prey of their prey, we may be further
áááá impeding [the top predators'] recovery."
áááá
áááá Both concerns are "implicit in our findings," Pauly believes. "If we
áááá have fallen half a trophic level in 40 years or so, then we have
áááá already hammered the useful part of the food web."
áááá
áááá The new study "is clever and meaningful . . . and I think that its
áááá conclusions are robust," says marine ecologist Paul K. Dayton of the
áááá Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif.
áááá
áááá Gary Matlock, director of the National Marine Fisheries Service
áááá Office of Sustainable Fisheries in Silver Spring, Md., also thinks
áááá the new study's findings have a lot of merit. Clearly, he says, "the
áááá overfishing that has occurred on the upper trophic levels needs to
áááá be brought under control." According to the 1996 Sustainable
áááá Fisheries Act, he notes, his agency must develop a strategy by
áááá September to end such overfishing and to begin rebuilding affected
áááá U.S. stocks.
áááá
áá
áá
áá References:
áá
áááá
áááá
áááá Pauly, D., et al. 1998. Fishing down marine food webs. Science
áááá 279(Feb. 6).
áááá
áá
áá
áá Further Readings:
áá
áááá
áááá
áááá Dayton, P.K. 1998. Reversal of the burden of proof in fisheries
áááá management. Science 279(Feb. 6):821.
áááá
áááá Raloff, J. 1997. Overfishing imperils cod reproduction. Science News
áááá 151(Feb. 22):124.
áááá
áááá ______. 1996. Fishing for answers. Science News 150(Oct. 26):268.
áááá
áááá ______. 1995. Fishing: What we don't keep. Science News 148(Dec.
áááá 16):415.
áááá
áááá ______. 1995. U.N. treaty to aid 'international' fish. Science News
áááá 148(Dec. 9):389.
áááá
áá
áá
áá Sources:
áá
áááá
áááá
áááá International Year of the Ocean
áááá United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
áááá Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
áááá 1 rue Miollis
áááá 75732 Paris Cedex 15
áááá France
áááá E-mail: [1][e-mail]
áááá Web site: [2]<http://ioc.unesco.org/iyo>http://ioc.unesco.org/iyo
áááá
áááá Daniel Pauly
áááá University of British Columbia
áááá Fisheries Center
áááá 2204 Main Mall
áááá Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4
áááá Canada
áááá
áááá Sea Web
áááá 1731 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., 4th Floor
áááá Washington, DC 20009
áááá E-mail: [3][e-mail]
áááá Web site: [4]<http://www.seaweb.org/>http://www.seaweb.org
áááá

Date: Sun, 8 Feb 1998 22:36:39 EST
From: [e-mail]
To: [e-mail], [e-mail]
Subject: Some not-so-fond remembrances from the 104th Congress:
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Endangered Species?  Give them all a designated area and them blow it up.  It
sounds insane, but that's how insane the endagered species people are.
Rep. Sonny Bono, (R-CA deceased).

We had envisioned trying to protect, you know pigeons and things like that (in
passing the ESA).  We never thought about mussels and ferns and flowers and
all these . . . subspecies of squirrles and birds.
Rep. Don Young, chair House Natural Resources Committee

Environmentalism is the new paganism, trees are worshipped and humans are
sacrificed at its altar . . .   It is evil . . .  And we intend to destroy it.
Ron Arnold, Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise

---[Boston Globe, Jan. 13, 1993].

SO ARE __ YOU__ FIRED UP ENOUGH TO WRITE :

1) Your Senators and tell them to VOTE NO TO S. 1180;

AND

2) Your CongressPerson and tell them to CO-SPONSOR H.R. 2351

OR DO YOU WANT SOME MORE UN-FOND REMEMBRANCES OF THE 105th?

Date: Sun, 08 Feb 1998 22:52:34 -0600
From: Steve Barney <[e-mail]>
To: AR-News <[e-mail]>
Subject: [US] "County shouldn't keep monkeys hanging" (WSJ, 2/4/98)
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Source:
"County shouldn't keep monkeys hanging"
Editorial
Wisconsin State Journal
Madison, WI
US
Wednesday, February 4, 1998
Page 9A

-- Beginning --

County shouldn't keep monkeys hanging

This monkey business is getting to be serious.

Last week, the Dane County Zoo Commission asked county officials to
explore taking over the UW-Madison primate research center's monkey
colony, which is kept at Vilas Park Zoo.  The primate center can no
longer spend federal money on the care and feeding of the monkeys, so UW
officials are preparing to ship 100 rhesus monkeys to a Louisiana
breeding center within two weeks and 50 stump-tail macaques back to
their ancestral home of Thailand as early as March.

On Tuesday, Dane County Executive Kathleen Falk said she would like 45
days to explore keeping one of the two colonies, but not both.  It's
largely a question of money: A county study, criticized as overblown by
some, has estimated it would take $280,000 in capital costs and $211,000
in capital costs to keep the monkeys at Vilas.

UW-Madison Graduate School Dean Virginia Hinshaw quickly responded to
Falk that 45 days is too long to wait.  Either decide within 30 days
soon to keep the monkeys, Hinshaw said, or they will be packing their
little suitcases for warmer climates.

If Falk is inclined to keep any of the monkeys, which is questionable if
the county must foot all of the bill, she should keep some of the
rhesus.

The Louisiana center wants the rhesus to breed, but if they don't, they
will join research projects described as invasive by animal rights
activists.

The stump-tails, on the other hand, will be released in a Thai
sanctuary, where they can romp around for the rest of their days.
That's a fate far better than becoming part of some lipstick or perfume
experiment, which is what could happen to some of the rhesus.

The university is trying to be a good player, but it cannot keep the
monkeys at Vilas for much longer.  Falk and the county board should do
their best to decide now, and resist the temptation to monkey around.


WISCONSIN STATE JOURNAL
Phil Blake, publisher Frank Denton, editor
Thomas W. Still, associate editor
Sunny Schubert, editorial editor
Chuck Martin, editorial writer

Opinions above are shaped by this board, independent of news coverage
decisions elsewhere in the paper.

-- End --

Background info, including Resolution 241, related news
articles, alerts, etc, can be found at:

        http://www.uwosh.edu/organizations/alag/#Issues


Date: Sun, 08 Feb 1998 22:55:27 -0600
From: Steve Barney <[e-mail]>
To: AR-News <[e-mail]>
Subject: [US] "UW willing to work with county if it wants Vilas Zoo monkeys"
 (WSJ, 2/3/98)
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"UW willing to work with county if it wants Vilas Zoo monkeys"
By John Welsh
Wisconsin State Journal
Madison, WI
US
Tuesday, February 3, 1998
Page 3B

-- Beginning --

UW willing to work with county if it wants Vilas Zoo monkeys

UW-Madison officials said Monday they are willing to sweeten the deal a
bit if Dane County decides it wants to keep some of the school's Vilas
Zoo monkeys.

The move came just as Dane County Executive Kathleen Falk was expected
to state her position - possibly as early as today - on whether the
county wants the monkeys.

Jonathan Barry, a member of the UW Board of Regents and former Dane
County executive, said the university would likely be open to a number
of alternatives to ease the turnover of the monkeys from the research
center run by the school to the zoo run by the county.

Among the possibilities is using the money that the University would
spend in dismantling the monkey house to maintain part of the exhibit
until the county is ready to take over.

The university's Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center has been
looking for a new home for the 150 monkeys it has kept at the zoo for
the past 30 years.  It plans to ship 100 rhesus monkeys to a research
center in Louisiana by mid-February and 50 stump-tailed macaques to a
Thailand sanctuary as early as next mouth.

--John Welsh

-- End --

Background info, including Resolution 241, related news
articles, alerts, etc, can be found at:

        http://www.uwosh.edu/organizations/alag/#Issues


Date: Sun, 08 Feb 1998 22:56:36 -0600
From: Steve Barney <[e-mail]>
To: AR-News <[e-mail]>
Subject: [US] "UW-Madison officials approve delay in sending monkeys away"
 (WSJ, 2/4/98)
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"UW-Madison officials approve delay in sending monkeys away"
By John Welsh
Wisconsin State Journal
Madison, WI
US
Wednesday, February 4, 1998
Page 1C

-- Beginning --

UW-Madison officials approve delay in sending monkeys away

By John Welsh
Wisconsin State Journal

UW-Madison officials agreed Tuesday to delay a planned shipment of Vilas
Zoo monkeys next week to give Dane County officials more time to
consider ways to keep them.

County Executive Kathleen Falk requested a 45-day delay Tuesday in a
letter sent to the university.  Several hours later, the school replied
in its own letter that she had until March 2.

"We need a definite commitment," said Virginia Hinshaw. dean of the UW
Graduate School.  There's nothing to be gained if I keep delaying this
if I can't get that commitment."

The university's Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center has spent
several months searching for a new home for the 150 monkeys it keeps at
the county-run zoo.  The center had planned to ship 100 rhesus monkeys
to a research center in Louisiana as early as next week and 50
stump-tailed macaques to a sanctuary in their ancestral home of Thailand
as early as next month.

In her letter to the school, Falk said she needed more time to explore
different types of partnerships that could provide the resources to keep
at least one of the monkey colonies.

"It will be financially difficult to achieve this goal," Falk said.

She said that a tight county budget would prevent the county from adding
zoo staff but that she hoped concerned community groups or foundations
might come forward to help.

In her letter, Hinshaw provided details on what the school would be
willing to do to help.  She said the university would agree to maintain
up to 100 rhesus monkeys at the zoo until the end of the year if the
county agrees to assume responsibility Jan. 1.

She said the funding would come from the money the university would save
by not having to tear down the monkey house.

Falk's letter also raised the issue of a 1989 agreement between the zoo
and the research center that barred using the monkeys for invasive
research procedures.  Falk requested that such prohibitions continue
even if the monkeys are moved out of Vilas Zoo.

Hinshaw said the 100 monkeys going to the Tulane Regional Primate
Research Center would be used for breeding.  She acknowledged that those
unable to breed could end up in a research program, but she said the
university was keeping to the spirit of the 1989 pact and that its
arrangement with Tulane was likely the best it could get from any
institution.

-- End --

Background info, including Resolution 241, related news
articles, alerts, etc, can be found at:

        http://www.uwosh.edu/organizations/alag/#Issues




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